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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Average and total utilitarianism ： ウィキペディア英語版 Average and total utilitarianism Utilitarianism usually states that the quality of conscious experience is important; indeed it is generally the basis of its consequentialist approach to ethics. Two alternative answers to this problem are provided by average and total utilitarianism. ==Total utilitarianism== Total utilitarianism is a method of applying utilitarianism to a group to work out what the best set of outcomes would be. It assumes that the target utility is the maximum utility across the population based on adding all the separate utilities of each individual together. The main problem for total utilitarianism is the "mere addition paradox", which argues that a likely outcome of following total utilitarianism is a future where there is a large number of people with very low utility values. Parfit terms this "the repugnant conclusion", believing it to be intuitively undesirable.〔(The repugnant conclusion )〕 To survive the mere addition paradox with a consistent model of total utilitarianism, total utilitarians have two choices. They may either assert that higher utility living is on a completely different scale from, and thus incomparable to, the bottom levels of utility, or deny that there is anything wrong with the repugnant conclusion. (Although, Sikora argues that we may already be living within this minimal state.〔Sikora, R: "Is it wrong to prevent the existence of future generations?", . , 1978〕 Particularly as quality of life measurements are generally relative and we cannot know how we would appear to a society with very high quality of life.) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Average and total utilitarianism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.